Premenstrual Syndrome
Overview
Causes
The exact cause of PMS is not known. Hormone changes happen in women around their period. Overall health, daily habits, and other factors may make some people more sensitive to these changes.
SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
PMS may cause:
- Irritability
- Mood swings
- Anxiety or depression
- Low self-esteem
- Problems with focus
- Sleep problems
- Changes to eating habits, such as sugar and/or salt cravings or overeating
- Weight gain
- Tiredness
- Bloating
- Headache
- Breast swelling and tenderness
- Lightheadedness
- Belly upset
- Muscle pain
Treatments
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to ease PMS symptoms. More than one method will be needed. Choices are:
Stress Management
Stress can trigger PMS and make symptoms worse. Relaxation methods like music or deep breathing may help. Massage and hot baths may also help ease tension in the body.
Diet and Exercise
Diets that are high in salt, sugar, and caffeine may make PMS worse. Large meals may also cause problems. Eating a diet that is rich in fruits. vegetables, and healthy proteins may help. Plan for small, frequent meals during the day.
Regular exercise can also help ease symptoms.
Medicine and Supplements
Medicine may be used to ease symptoms, such as:
- Pain relievers
- Diuretics—to ease bloating and fluid build up
- Birth control pills—to ease physical symptoms
- Antidepressants—to ease emotional symptoms
Certain vitamins and minerals may also be used to ease symptoms.
Therapy
Some symptoms may not be eased with medicine. Therapy can help a women cope with PMS. Cognitive behavioral therapy is one common option.
Prevention
The risk of PMS may be lowered by:
- Managing stress
- Eating a diet that is low in saturated fat and rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
- Eating less refined sugar, salt, and caffeine
- Exercising regularly
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
Copyright © EBSCO Information Services
All rights reserved.